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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Haitian Monument&lt;/em&gt; (Savannah, GA)</text>
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                <text>Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Associations--Military&lt;br /&gt;American South&lt;br /&gt;American Revolution</text>
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                <text>Mastin, James</text>
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                <text>First four figures dedicated: October 8th 2007;&#13;
Two additional figures unveiled: October 2009</text>
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                <text>Haitian-American Historical Society</text>
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                <text>Franklin Square, Savannah, GA 31401, United States</text>
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                <text>&lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;The &lt;i&gt;Haitian Monument&lt;/i&gt; commemorates the contributions of the Chasseurs-Volontaires de Saint-Domingue, a French regiment of free men of African descent, during the American Revolution. The work depicts five uniformed and armed soldiers, rifles pointed at the ready. One of the soldiers sits, wounded, his face contorted in a grimace as he rests his rifle across his lap and brings his right hand to his chest. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The&lt;span class="Apple-converted-space"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;young drummer boy, who stands just to the left of the armed group, is &lt;a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Christophe" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Henri Christophe&lt;/a&gt;, an important &lt;span&gt;leader in the Haitian Revolution and the only monarch of the Kingdom of Haiti&lt;/span&gt;. Christophe, who joined the Chasseurs-Volontaires as a teen is believed, although firm proof does not exist, to have participated in the Siege of Savannah.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Clave&lt;/em&gt; (Rotterdam, The Netherlands)</text>
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                <text>Subject (Topic) &lt;br /&gt;Slavery &lt;br /&gt;Middle Passage&lt;br /&gt;Transatlantic Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Rotterdam, The Netherlands</text>
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                <text>da Silva, Alex, 1974-</text>
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                <text>Dedicated: June 16, 2013</text>
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                <text>Lloydstraat, 45-59, 3024 Rotterdam, The Netherlands</text>
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                <text>Four nude figures dance across the abstracted bow of a ship. Each figure strikes a distinct, rhythmic pose even as they are shackled together at the ankle by iron chains. The outer most figure appears to have broken free from this rhythmic chain-gang-- iron chains dangle freely from his right ankle. The work, unveiled on the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in Surinam and the Dutch Antilles, is located along the Maas River in Lloydkwartier, a newly designed neighborhood built in the old port area of Delfshaven. The work’s location and title evoke the Dutch slave trade. Clave refers to a rhythmic pattern used in Afro-Cuban music.</text>
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                <text>To watch a video of the work, click &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boHuPIEnpx8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Art at Heart</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Neg Mawon Emancipation Monument&lt;/em&gt; (Roseau, Dominica )</text>
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                <text>Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Slavery-Emancipation&lt;br /&gt;Slavery-Abolition&lt;br /&gt;Middle Passage&lt;br /&gt;Transatlantic Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Diaspora&lt;br /&gt;Roseau, Dominica</text>
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                <text>Standing resolutely forward, the muscular figure of a shirtless self-emancipated man ('neg maron' or black maroon), with broken shackles and chains around his wrists and neck, holds a conch shell to his lips. The bronze figure, located in the center of a traffic circle, celebrates the self-emancipated (maroon) societies that engaged in a sustained struggle against slavery and French colonialism. The work was unveiled during Dominica’s 2013 Emancipation Celebrations.</text>
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                <text>Zamore, Franklyn</text>
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                <text>Dedicated: August 2, 2013</text>
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                <text>Cultural Division; National Cultural Council</text>
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                <text>Dame Mary Eugenia Charles Blvd, Roseau, Dominica (15° 17.767′ N, 61° 23.173′ W)</text>
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                <text>Read The Plaque; Historical Markers Database</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Atorkor Slave Monument&lt;/em&gt; (Atorkor, Ghana)</text>
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                <text>Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Slavery&lt;br /&gt;Middle Passage&lt;br /&gt;Transatlantic Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Public art&lt;br /&gt;Public sculpture&lt;br /&gt;Anlo-Afiadenyigba, Ghana</text>
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                <text>&lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;The memorial is located in the coastal Ghanaian district of Anlo, once known for its substantial involvement in the slave trade. A high-walled circular enclosure with a small wooden door, which serves as a narrow entrance, leads the viewer to the central feature of the memorial: a life-size sculptural group of a tall European slave-trader brandishing a whip over two kneeling African figures. The African figures, dressed in traditional garb, are chained at the neck. The interior walls of the monument are embellished with a narrative frieze illustrating a popular local legend. The narrative frieze of the memorial tells the story of a popular white trader who lived in Atorkor (a small village located in the district of Anlo): As the story goes: “One day, the Trader announced a dancing competition for the best dancers and drummers amongst the youth on his ship. The best dancer in the village was a beautiful young girl, but her parents forbade her from attending the party, as she had not completed her chores for the day. All the other young people in the village went to the dancing competition on the boat, where they were plied with rum before being shackled and sold into slavery.” As artist and educator Senam Okudzeto notes, “There are many versions of the story. This particular one corresponds with the official government version and was sourced from a website put up by the present chief of Atorkor, Samuel Adjorlorlo, who runs the Atorkor Development Foundation (ADF), an NGO for the development of the region” (see b&lt;span&gt;ibliographic citation).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Visit Volta Region, Ghana Tourism Authority</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Gilt of Cain&lt;/em&gt; (London, England)</text>
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                <text>Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Slavery&lt;br /&gt;Resistance&lt;br /&gt;Middle Passage&lt;br /&gt;Transatlantic Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Public art&lt;br /&gt;Public sculpture&lt;br /&gt;London, UK</text>
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                <text>Located near St. Mary Woolnoth Church, where the abolitionist &lt;a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Wilberforce" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;William Wilberforce&lt;/a&gt; heard the anti-slavery sermons of the &lt;a href="https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/107250.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Rev. John Newton, &lt;/a&gt;the monument consists of 17 carved granite columns clustered around a granite podium. The curvilinear forms of the columns recall the growing stems of sugarcane. According to the artists, the position of the columns and podium are meant to suggest a group of people “gathered to listen to a speaker – perhaps the Rev Newton preaching against slavery, perhaps a trader auctioning his slaves, perhaps William Wilberforce campaigning in front of an audience.” Excerpts from Lemn Sissay's poem, the &lt;em&gt;Gilt of Cain&lt;/em&gt;, are inscribed on the work. The words are inscribed in the same typography used in early abolitionist literature printed near the site.</text>
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                <text>Sissay, Lemn (Poet); Visocchi, Michael (Sculptor)</text>
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                <text>FurtureCity; Black British Heritage; City of London</text>
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                <text>To learn more about the artists and the history of the work's commission, click &lt;a href="https://futurecity.co.uk/portfolio/gilt-of-cain/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>120 Fenchurch St, London EC3M 5BA, UK (51.5121°N 0.0815°W)</text>
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                <text>Future City</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Valongo Wharf&lt;/em&gt; (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)</text>
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Slavery&#13;
Middle Passage&#13;
Transatlantic Slave Trade&#13;
Slave Trade&#13;
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</text>
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                <text>As the last nation in the Americas to officially abolish slavery in 1888, historians estimate that of the approximately 10.7 million enslaved persons brought to the Americas, as many as 50 percent arrived in Brazil. Valongo was the debarkation point for an estimated 900,000 slaves. In July 2007 the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization added the &lt;a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1548" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;wharf to its World Heritage List&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The site consists of a number of archaeological layers, the lowest of which are the remains of the Valongo Wharf’s floor pavings. The bodies of the slaves who died upon arrival in Brazil were burned, and chopped-up bones were buried in mass graves on a site near the wharf.</text>
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                <text>To watch a video about this site from the United Nations Information Centre for Brazil, click &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1EgNV_4dSk" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Av. Barão de Tefé - Saúde, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 20220-460, Brazil</text>
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                <text>UNESCO</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Zumbi dos Palmares&lt;/em&gt; (Salvador da Bahia, Brazil)</text>
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                <text>Subject (Name)&lt;br /&gt;Zumbi (Zumbi dos Palmares), 1655 – 1695</text>
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Commemorative sculpture</text>
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                <text>Duarte, Lázaro Souza</text>
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                <text>Dedicated: May 30, 2008</text>
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                <text>Palmares Cultural Foundation; A Mulherada; Minster of Culture; Municpality of Salvador</text>
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                <text>Praça da Sé, 15-23 - Pelourinho, Salvador - BA, 40020-210, Brazil</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The work is dedicated to Zumbi dos Palmares, a &lt;a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/quilombo" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Quilombo&lt;/a&gt; leader and one of the principle forces behind the resistance to slavery in Brazil. The muscular, semi-nude figure of Zumbi dos Palmares, stands with his weight shifted to his right foot. He brings the sole of his left foot to his right shin and holds a spear in his left hand as he turns his head slightly to the left.</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Laura De la Rosa, ResearchGate</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;L’Arbre de la Liberté&lt;/em&gt; (Schoelcher, Martinque)</text>
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Slavery--Resistance&#13;
Middle Passage&#13;
Transatlantic Slave Trade&#13;
Slave Trade&#13;
Public art&#13;
Public sculpture</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Facing the Caribbean Ocean, the work consists of eight abstracted forms, some of which are rectilinear, and geometrize and others more curvilinear, with rounded organic forms. The bronze figures are embellished with symbols, which according to the sculptor, represent "the spirit of the liberated man."</text>
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                <text>Guédon, Henri, 1944-2006</text>
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                <text>Place des Arawaks, Schoelcher, 97233, Martinique</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Comité National pour la Mémoire et l'Histoire de l' Esclavage</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;1763 Monument&lt;/em&gt; (Georgetown, Guyana)</text>
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                <text>Unveiled three days before the 10th anniversary of Guyanese Independence, the work celebrates the Guyanese anti-colonial struggle, resistance against, and eventual emancipation from slavery. The work is dedicated to the memory of Cuffy, &lt;span&gt;an Akan man sold into slavery &lt;/span&gt;who led a revolt against the Dutch owners of the Magdalenburg plantation on the Canje River in Berbice (now Guyana). Although the uprising was ultimately unsuccessful, Cuffy’s rebellion anticipated the eventual end of slavery in Guyana.</text>
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                <text>Morris Singer Foundry</text>
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                <text>Square of the Revolution Georgetown, Guyana</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Sculpture </text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
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              <text>264''</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Tower of Freedom&lt;/em&gt; (Windsor, Ontario)</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Underground Railroad&lt;br /&gt;Slavery-- Abolition&lt;br /&gt;Slavery-- Emancipation&lt;br /&gt;Resistance&lt;br /&gt;Public art&lt;br /&gt;Public sculpture, &lt;br /&gt;Windsor, Ontario, Canada</text>
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                <text>Subject (Object Type)&#13;
Commemorative sculpture</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Canadian counter-part to Ed Dwight's&lt;a href="https://www.community-sourcing-beta-test.slaverymonuments.org/admin/items/show/1170" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gateway to Freedom&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Tower of Freedom&lt;/em&gt; consists of a twenty-two-foot high granite tower, adorned with a bronze flame symbolizing the “Eternal Flame of Freedom.” Life-size bronze figures stand on opposite sides of the tower’s base. The cluster of four bronze figures facing the river include an African American woman holding an infant and a white woman, often identified as a Quaker “operative.” Behind the women, a man stands with his arms raised in a gesture of praise. On the opposite side of the tower, a singular figure of a woman looks back towards the river and the United States. Despite her age, she clutches a rag doll.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>Dedicated: October 20, 2001</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Detroit 300; The Underground Railroad Monument Committee of Windsor</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>JPEG</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Visual Arts-Sculpture</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Civic Esplanade, 200 Pitt St. E., Windsor, Ontario, Canada</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Dwight, Ed, 1933-</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Jim Shreve, Flickr; The City of Winsor</text>
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