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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Amistad Memorial&lt;/em&gt; (New Haven, CT)</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Abolitionists--United States&lt;br /&gt;Amistad Mutiny&lt;br /&gt;Anti-slavery movements--United States&lt;br /&gt;Northeastern United States&lt;br /&gt;Public art&lt;br /&gt;Public sculpture&lt;br /&gt;Slave insurrections&lt;br /&gt;Slave trade&lt;br /&gt;Slavery--United States&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Subject (Name)&lt;br /&gt;Pieh, Sengbe (Joseph Cinque),&amp;nbsp; ca. 1814-ca. 1879&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;Amistad Memorial &lt;/em&gt;centers around a large bronze triangular prism adorned with&lt;span&gt; sculptural &lt;/span&gt;reliefs, depicting scenes from the life of Sengbe Pieh.&amp;nbsp;In &lt;span&gt;1839 &lt;/span&gt;Pieh led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad. The Amistad was seized off the coast of Long Island, NY, by the U.S. brig, Washington and the Africans on board were imprisoned on charges of murder. The case went to the US Supreme Court, where Pieh and his fellow Africans were found to have rightfully defended themselves as they were free individuals, having been kidnapped and transported illegally.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The memorial stands on the site of the New Haven jail, where Pieh and the other Amistad Africans were held during their trials. The three sides of the sculpture depict the life of Pieh: the first side shows him as a young man in Africa; the second side depicts his court trials, and the third side shows Pieh after he won his freedom. A fourth side of the sculpture, only visible from the upper floors of City Hall, includes images of disembodied hands emerging from ocean waves, a reminder of the thousands who perished during the Middle Passage. Pieh's famous courtroom statement, "make us free" is inscribed on the work’s granite base. The memorial rests atop a squared platform, which was inserted into a purpose-built recessed space added to City Hall during a 1990 renovation.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>To read more about the Supreme Court Case, &lt;em&gt;United States v. The Amistad&lt;/em&gt;, click &lt;a href="https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/amistad" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Edmonson Sisters Memorial&lt;/em&gt; (Alexandria, VA)</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Subject (Name)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Edmonson&lt;/span&gt;, Emily, 1835–1895&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Edmonson,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Mary, 1832–1853&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Two young women emerge from a large rocky outcrop, their hands clasped tightly as they stride forward. The over life-sized work depicts the abolitionists and former slaves, the sisters Mary and Emily Edmonson. The statue is located on the site of the former Joseph Bruin’s slave jail, where the sisters were held after a failed attempt to escape from Washington, D.C. in 1848 on the ship Pearl. On the back of the sculpture is an etching of the ship Pearl.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Blome, Erik, 1967</text>
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                <text>Dedicated: June 25, 2010</text>
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                <text>To read more about the lives of the Edmonson Sisters, click &lt;a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/archaeology/TrailSignEdmonsonSisters.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/archaeology/TrailSignEdmonsonSisters.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Located near University Hall, the oldest building on campus and constructed with the labor of enslaved persons, the memorial has two distinct features: a sculpture and a stone plinth. The sculpture consists of a massive ductile-iron chain, which emerges from a large iron dome. The links of the chain are broken and the iron dome, just visible as it peaks out of the earth, recalls the physical restraints of a ball and chain. A stone plinth with engraved text stands next to the sculpture.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The memorial is composed of a number of distinct elements. A rectangular granite stele on State Street marks the memorial’s entrance. On one side, below the engraved text that reads “African Burying Ground Memorial,” a life-size bronze figure of a man stands with his back against the stone stele. His left-hand reaches out and back, towards the other side of the stele. On the opposite side, a life-size bronze figure of a woman mirrors the gesture of her male counterpart. The sculptor, Jerome Meadows, leaves a gap between the outstretched hands of the two figures. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the opposite end of the memorial, a group of eight life-size vertical bronze and concrete silhouettes, each inscribed with a line from a poem written by Meadows, stand in a semi-circle around the burial vault. The figural group is surrounded by a metal railing, embellished with ceramic tiles. The design of the 110 ceramic tiles is inspired by Kinte cloth patterns and based on the original drawings created in a workshop Meadows facilitated with students from a local middle school. The burial vault contains the re-interred remains of the 13 individuals found on the site in 2003. The vault is marked with a Sankofa, a West African Adinkra symbol that means “Return and Get It — Learn from the Past.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The sculptural groups are connected by the “Petition Line,” a ribbon of pinks stone, which contrasts with the gray stone walkway of the memorial. The Petition Line contains excerpts from a formal document submitted to the New Hampshire legislature in 1779 by 20 enslaved individuals petitioning for their freedom. To the right is an information marker that provides visitors with the historical context for the memorial, as well as the poem by Meadows - &lt;em&gt;I Stand For Those Forgotten&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The memorial is located in the Freedman Cemetery in Dallas, Texas. Established in 1861, it is one of the largest Freedman's cemeteries in the country. A Texas Red granite archway marks the entrance to the memorial. Two niches, located on either side of the arch, are adorned with life-size bronze figures (one in each niche). The free-standing figure on the left of the entrance, the so-called “Sentinel” or “Warrior,” is dressed in clothes inspired by the Benin culture of West Africa. He holds a large ceremonial machete with its blade pointed to the ground. His female counterpart, the “Prophetess,” holds a small harp to her chest with her left hand. On the other side of the arch within the memorial garden, two bronze figures occupy the niches. Unlike the free-standing works at the front of the archway, these works are bronze bas-reliefs. The figures emerge emerge from a background that suggests the waves of an ocean. The female figure, the “Violated Soul,” whose wrists and feet are bound by iron mancles, covers her face with her hands. Her male counterpart, the “Struggling Soul,” is similarly shown with his wrists and feet bound by iron manacles; he covers his own scream with his bent left arm. Above each of the life-size bronze figures, in the top register of the arch, are twelve smaller bronze sculptures, suggestive of West African wood sculpture. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Through the archway at the center of the memorial park, “Dream of Freedom,” sits atop a Texas Red granite circular plinth. The sculpture shows a newly emancipated couple. The male figure, whose shirtless torso is scarred by whip marks on his back, wraps his left arm around a kneeling woman. Directly behind “Dream of Freedom,” is a polished granite slab with Nia Akimbo’s poem, “Here.” Two remaining headstones from the original cemetery are embedded in the back of this granite slab.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the base of each statue, bronze plaques list the artist, title of the sculpture, and description of the work. Embedded in the interior arched wall are bronze plaques with poetry by ten children from local schools, who won a local poetry contest. In the lawn, several Texas Red granite blocks have bronze plaques attached to them, identifying the original river bed and unmarked graves.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Eight life-size bronze statues (in six groupings) commemorate the formerly enslaved persons who escaped from the South and sought safety and freedom behind Union lines at the Corinth Contraband Camp in Corinth, Mississippi. Established by Union General Grenville M. Dodge in 1862 to shelter freedom-seekers, the Corinth Contraband Camp featured a church, a school, a hospital, and numerous homes as well as productive and profitable farms that were operated by freedmen and women. The bronze statues include: a woman with her hands on her hips, “the greeter”; a laundress ironing clothes; a farmer tending to his crops with a hoe; a female teacher with a young female student who read together from an open Bible; a man and boy gathering books; and a member of the United States Colored Troops who pulls &lt;em&gt;Hardee's Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics&lt;/em&gt; from his haversack . Included at the site: two bronze plaques with inscriptions attached to a concrete wall near the greeter; two bronze low reliefs on a concrete wall opposite the greeter; and an informational panel explaining farming at the site in front of the farmer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The two bronze low reliefs are based on nineteenth-century photographs: Timothy H. O'Sullivan, &lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2018666225/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;[Rappahannock River, Va. Fugitive African Americans fording the Rappahannock]&lt;/a&gt;, August 1862 and G.W. Foster, &lt;a href="https://exploreuk.uky.edu/fa/findingaid/?id=xt77sq8qcb8z" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Refugee camp; street scene, Camp Nelson, Kentucky&lt;/a&gt;, 1864.</text>
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                <text>Photographs by Renée Ater</text>
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                <text>Siege and Battle of Corinth Commission (Rosemary Williams), Shiloh National Military Park (Superintendent Haywood “Woody” Harrell), Mississippi Department of Archives and History, and Corinth African-American Historical Society, and Preston Knight (Knight Brothers, Inc.).</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.nps.gov/shil/learn/historyculture/corinth.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Corinth Civil War Interpretative Center&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Knockin’ On Freedom’s Door&lt;/em&gt; (Peoria, IL)</text>
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                <text>Subject (Name)&lt;br /&gt;Pettengill, Moses,1802-1883&lt;br /&gt;Pettengill, Lucy,1802-1864&lt;br /&gt;Lincoln, Abraham,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;1809-1865&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Preston Jackson‘s monumental bronze and stainless steel&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Knockin’ on Freedom’s Door&lt;/em&gt; is located on the site of the former Pettengill House in Peoria, an important station on the Underground Railroad. The work features multiple bronze sculptural groups within a stainless steel frame. The sculptural grouping includes a male and female freedom seeker, climbing out of a small rowboat as two white members of the Underground Railroad look down upon the pair. The pair of Underground Railroad conductors are presumably Moses and Lucy Pettengill. Moses holds a bucket of water in one hand and a ladle in the other, while Lucy clutches at her chest. At the very top of the sculpture, looking down over the scene is a portrait of Abraham Lincoln in profile.</text>
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                <text>Dedicated: October 24th, 2008</text>
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                <text>Peoria Civic Center, 201 SW Jefferson Ave, Peoria, IL 61602, United States</text>
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                <text>Chicago-outdoor-sculptures.blogspot.com</text>
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