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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Sojourner&lt;/em&gt; (Sacramento, CA)</text>
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                <text> Catlett, Elizabeth, 1919-2012</text>
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                <text>Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Antislavery movements--United States&lt;br /&gt;Women's Suffrage</text>
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                <text>Subject (Name)&lt;br /&gt;Truth, Sojourner, (c. 1797 – November 26, 1883)</text>
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                <text>Unlike many sculptural representations of Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Catlett’s work is geometrized and slightly abstracted. Truth is shown with her arms crossed at her chest as she tilts her head skyward, her eyes closed. The flared skirt of her form-fitting dress adds to the work's sense of upward movement. The stone is polished smooth, save for Truth’s hair, which, although abstracted, is shown uncovered in cropped curls.</text>
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                <text>1999</text>
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                <text>City of Sacramento; Sacramento Metropolitan Arts Commission</text>
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                <text>To learn more about the history of this work, click &lt;a href="http://www.sacmetroarts.org/Programs/Public-Art/Public-Art-Collection/Maintenance-Projects/Sojourner" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Originally located at the Sacramento Convention Center (1400 J St, Sacramento, CA 95814), in 2013 it was vandalized and moved to the Crocker Art Museum (215 O Street, Sacramento, CA).</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://sacpedart.com/?p=3840" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Pedestrian Art, Sacramento&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Frederick Douglass Monuments</text>
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                  <text>Renée Ater</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Frederick Douglass&lt;/em&gt; (New-York Historical Society)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.studioeis.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;StudioEIS&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Schwartz, Ivan, 1951</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Abolitionists--United States&lt;br /&gt;Anti-slavery movements--United States&lt;br /&gt;Public art&lt;br /&gt;Public sculpture&lt;br /&gt;New York--History&lt;br /&gt;Northeastern United States&lt;br /&gt;Slavery--New York (State)&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Subject (Name)&lt;br /&gt;Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>A life-size sculpture of the abolitionist Frederick Douglass stands atop the staircase at the West 77th Street entrance to the New-York Historical Society. Douglass gazes forward, holding a pair of books in his left hand, while his right arm rests downward. Fully bearded, Douglass stares off into the distance.</text>
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                <text>Photograph: StudioEIS, &lt;a href="https://www.studioeis.com/bronze-sculpture/xe37y3a83pko4kay2tmln13ps3urii" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;https://www.studioeis.com/bronze-sculpture/xe37y3a83pko4kay2tmln13ps3urii&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Unveiled: October 25, 2011</text>
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                <text>New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park West at West 77th Street, New York, New York, 10024, United States</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.newyorktalkingstatues.com/hear-the-statues-talk.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Frederick Douglass, Hear the New York Statues Talk&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park West at West 77th Street, New York, New York, 10024, United States</text>
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        <name>abolitionist</name>
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              <text>Sculpture; Memorial Arch</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;La Porte Du Non Retour (The Gate of No Return)&lt;/em&gt; (Ouidah, Benin)</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Africa&lt;br /&gt;Public art&lt;br /&gt;Public sculpture&lt;br /&gt;Ouidah--Benin--History&lt;br /&gt;Slave trade&lt;br /&gt;Slave trade--Africa--History&lt;br /&gt;Slave trade--Benin--Ouidah--History&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Subject (Object Type) &lt;br /&gt;Commemorative sculpture &lt;br /&gt;Memorial Arches&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Located on the sandy shores of Ouidah, Benin, the monumental concrete red, white, and yellow-painted gate and the metallic sculptures that flank it, commemorate the horrors of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. The memorial gate, which marks the point where African captives were forced onto transatlantic slave ships, is connected by a path, known as the “Slave Route,” to the market square, where enslaved people were once sold. The memorial arche is embellished with a frieze, depicting two lines of enslaved people bound at their hands and chained together as they walk towards waiting ships. The columns are adorned with sculptures depicting men and women captives, their extremities bound, as they kneel and await their fate in Portuguese-built forts. The back of the gate is adorned with depictions of their native towns. Yves Ahouangnimon was the architect for the project; Fortuné Bandiera created figures and bas reliefs on the columns; Yves Apollinaire Pèdé created the bas-reliefs on the center arch and two free-standing &lt;em&gt;egungun&lt;/em&gt;; and Dominique Kouas created the copper statues.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ahouangnimon, Yves</text>
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                <text>Bandiera, Fortuné, 1953-</text>
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                <text>Pèdé, Yves Apollinaire, 1959-</text>
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                <text>Dedicated: November 30, 1995</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://en.unesco.org/themes/fostering-rights-inclusion/slave-route#Collection" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;The Slave Route, UNESCO&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://medium.com/from-traditional-to-contemporary-aesthetic/the-slaving-port-of-ouidah-and-monumental-discourse-around-the-atlantic-perimeter-a41968341a57" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Route des Escalves, Ouidah, Benin</text>
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                <text>Photographs: Dan Stone, &lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/dantoujours/33680680066/in/album-72157678589698644/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;https://www.flickr.com/photos/dantoujours/33680680066/in/album-72157678589698644/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://medium.com/from-traditional-to-contemporary-aesthetic/the-slaving-port-of-ouidah-and-monumental-discourse-around-the-atlantic-perimeter-a41968341a57" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Photograph of commemorative plaque: &lt;a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Porte_du_non_retour_11.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Porte_du_non_retour_11.jpg&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Gouvernement de la République du Bénin and UNESCO.</text>
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                <text>Gouvernement de la République du Bénin</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://michiganhistory.leadr.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2015/11/20080807_94.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Michigan History&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The museum, housed in a silver-latticework structure on the site of the former Darboussier sugar factory along the Pointe-à-Pitre waterfront, is dedicated to the history of the slave trade and slavery. The museum includes permanent exhibitions devoted to the history of slavery from Antiquity to the present alongside exhibitions of contemporary art by Guadeloupian artists such as Thierry Alet, Bruno Pédurand and Shuk One.</text>
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                <text>To visit the museum's website, click &lt;a href="http://memorial-acte.fr" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Thierry Fundéré/ RCI.FM</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;William Seward and Harriet Tubman Statue&lt;/em&gt; (Schenectady, NY)</text>
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                <text>Benedict, Dexter, 1944-</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Subject (Topic) &lt;br /&gt;Abolitionist--United States&lt;br /&gt;Antislavery movements--United States &lt;br /&gt;New York--History&lt;br /&gt;Northeastern United States &lt;br /&gt;Public art &lt;br /&gt;Public sculpture &lt;br /&gt;Underground Railroad&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Subject (Name) &lt;br /&gt;Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913&lt;br /&gt;Seward, William Henry, 1801-1872&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Karen B. Johnson Schenectady County Public Library, 99 Clinton Street, Schenectady, New York, 12305, United States</text>
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                <text>Life-size statue of William Seward and Harriet Tubman standing on Mohawk Valley ordovician dolostone inside a garden bed. Seward stands with a cane in his right hand and his left arm around the back of Tubman. He wears nineteenth-century clothing including a jacket, vest, and pants. Tubman gestures with her right hand and carries a walking stick in her left hand. She wears a bodice and skirt. Draped across her chest is a sack with the end of a revolver visible.</text>
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                <text>Photographs by Renée Ater</text>
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                <text>Board of Trustees of the Schenectady County Public Library; and Community Members: &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Virginia and Frank Wicks; Carl George; Anita Paul and David Gerhan&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Jim and Jean Underwood&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Linda Patrik and David Kaczynski&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Twitty and Constance Styles; Cara Molyneaux&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Arnold Seiken&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Roger Hull; Brian and Judith Merriam&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Robert Ringlee; Miriam Butzel; Butzel Family Foundation&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Norman Maender&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;David and Jean Cossey&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Carmela St George&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Barbara Armstrong and Robert Coppola&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Rhonda Becker&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Anastasia Pease&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Eshragh Motahar&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Paul and Christina Friedman&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Katherine Lynes&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Roger and Seneca Hoerl&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Karen and Rodney Crosby&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;David and Ann Songayllo Hannay; Cherrice Traver&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Jonathan and Rachel Marr&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Marsha and Leonard Mortimore&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;James and Jean McLaughlin&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Andrea Worthington and Robert Olberg&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Kesheng Yu&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Paul Wehrum&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Barry Kramer&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Rebecca Koopman&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Assemblyman Angelo Santabarbara&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Ted Vinick&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Becky Cortez&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Martha Huggins and Malcolm Willison&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Faith and Dexter Benedict&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Mary and Phillip Lyford&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Clifford Brown&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Caroline Bardwell&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Margaret Craven Snowden, M.D.&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Nancy Papish&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Julie Pieper-Hemmings&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Senator James Tedisco&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Charles and Linda Becker&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Charles and Marianne Szuberla&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Patricia and Keith Barney&lt;/span&gt;l; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Wayne and Amy Brule&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Jim and Cei Mack&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Martin and Sharon Strosberg&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Mary O’Keeffe&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Margo and James Strosberg, M.D.&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Peter and Judy Nocera&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Mary and Thomas Werner; Michele and Randall Collins&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Donald O. Reid&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Darren and Lisa Tracy&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;West Branch Engineering and Consulting&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Philip and Jo Ann Adams&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Kenneth Baker&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Marcia M. Steiner&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Nicholas C. Barber&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Carmel Patrick&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Alden and Gay Doolittle&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Betty Pieper&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Robert McEvoy&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Joe Spedafora&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Linda Patrik and David Kaczynski&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Matthew George&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Brian Reh; Anita Paul&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Susan and Gustave Davis, M.D.&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Lek and James Meyer&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Laura Lee&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;First Reformed Church of Schenectady&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Wicks Family; Jim and Carol McCord&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Capital District Civil War Round Table&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Jonathan R. Miller (in memory of Aaron Rees ’95)&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Kathleen Pierone&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Ann M. Cole&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Professional Women&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Schenectady County Historical Society&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Hugh and Vaughn Nevin&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;John Polimeni&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;John and Lucy Halstead&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Kim and Gary Mabee&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Naomi Bristol&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Lois and Richardson Atkinson&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Brendan Degan Weingarten Savage&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Henry M. Butzel Family Foundation&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Lidia Pasamanick&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;The Honorable Richard and Bernice Russo&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Touhey Family Foundation; John and Margaret Watraus&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Susan Savage&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Daniel and Shari Grygas&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;David Gerhan and Anita Paul&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Deborah LaFond&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Betty Carol Barlyn&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Willie Terry&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Mario Salerno&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Philip Hilferty&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Lewis and Irene Greenstein&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Kim Scheverman&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Arnold and Ione Seiken&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;David and Karen Bradley&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;David Kaczynski and Linda Patrik; The Brockbank Family&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Estate of Marjorie Kenney (in Memory of Alice P Kenney); William Keat&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Eric Bersch&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Liz Paul and Paul John&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Rene and William Curtin&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Steve Rockwell&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Jean Libby&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;The Reverend Ruby J. Smith&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Dr Nancy D. Fitzroy&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Janis Polishook&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;L. William Davis&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Dr Walter and Anne Robb&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Bradley and Catherine Lewis&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Christopher Gardner&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Kathleen LoGiudice and John Blanchard&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Christopher Leonard&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Philip M. Williamson&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Jean Hayden Hutchins (in Memory of Dr Charles Steinmetz)&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span class="color15"&gt;Eric and Kent Johnson (in Memory of Mayor Karen Johnson)&lt;/span&gt;; and &lt;span class="color15"&gt;The Wicks Family (in Memory of Dr Rollo and Hazel Wicks).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.tubmansewardstatue.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Harriet Tubman and William Seward: Leaders for Freedom and Justice&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        <name>abolitionist</name>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Monument to Women’s Suffrage&lt;/em&gt; (New York City)</text>
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                <text>Subject (Name)&lt;br /&gt;Truth, Sojourner, c. 1797-November 26, 1883 &lt;br /&gt;Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, November 12, 1815-October 26, 1902 &lt;br /&gt;Anthony, Susan B., &lt;span&gt;February 15, 1820-March 13, 1906&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>In July 2018 the Monumental Women Statue Fund unveiled a planned Central Park monument to women’s suffrage, featuring Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The announcement was met with &lt;a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/opinion/central-park-suffrage-monument-racism.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;widespread criticism&lt;/a&gt; for, not only its exclusion of African American women but the whitewashing of both Anthony and Staton’s classism and racism. In response to the criticism, Sojourner Truth was added to the design. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The redesign now features Anthony, Stanton, and Truth engaged in dialogue around a table. However, as the &lt;a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/25/arts/new-york-city-monuments.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;NYtimes notes&lt;/a&gt; “more than 20 academics objected [to the re-design] in a letter that the grouping would be misleading because the white suffragists’ rhetoric “treated black intelligence and capability in a manner that Truth opposed.”"</text>
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                <text>To read more about the redesign, click &lt;a href="https://hyperallergic.com/513303/controversial-monument-to-womens-suffrage-redesigned-to-include-sojourner-truth/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Central Park, New York City (planned)</text>
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                <text>Bergmann, Meredith</text>
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              <text>Statue: 90 in. (228.6 cm)&#13;
Base: 30 in. (76.2 cm.)</text>
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                <text>The ten-foot-tall bronze statue of a young Frederick Douglass casts his gaze forward and ever-so-slightly downward toward an imagined viewer. Standing squarely forward, Douglass' left knee is slightly raised as if he were on the verge of walking off the granite pedestal. In his right hand, Douglass holds a cane; in his left hand, he holds the end of a rope that coils around his torso and shoulders.</text>
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                <text>Photograph: West Chester University, &lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/wcupa/14410155908" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;https://www.flickr.com/photos/wcupa/14410155908&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Two young women emerge from a large rocky outcrop, their hands clasped tightly as they stride forward. The over life-sized work depicts the abolitionists and former slaves, the sisters Mary and Emily Edmonson. The statue is located on the site of the former Joseph Bruin’s slave jail, where the sisters were held after a failed attempt to escape from Washington, D.C. in 1848 on the ship Pearl. On the back of the sculpture is an etching of the ship Pearl.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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